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Mold growth is a common problem in many homes and buildings. It not only poses a threat to the structural integrity of the property but also to the health of its occupants. As a result, people are constantly searching for effective methods to eliminate mold and prevent its recurrence.
One such method that has gained attention is the use of ozone generators. But does an ozone generator really kill mold?
In this article, we will explore the effectiveness of ozone generators in mold remediation and discuss their limitations.
Understanding Ozone Generators
Ozone generators are devices that produce ozone gas, which is a highly reactive form of oxygen. These generators are marketed as air cleaners and are often promoted as a solution for eliminating mold, odors, and other indoor pollutants. The idea behind using ozone for mold remediation is that ozone can kill mold spores and eliminate the musty odor associated with mold growth.
The Effectiveness of Ozone in Killing Mold
According to some sources, ozone can indeed kill mold spores. When ozone comes into contact with mold spores in the air, it can break down their cellular structure, rendering them inactive. This can help reduce the concentration of mold spores in the indoor environment and potentially inhibit mold growth.
However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of ozone in killing mold is limited and I have found some studies have proven they are not only dangerous but that they are also ineffective at removing mold.
For example, a study titled, “Evaluation of Antifungal Effect of Gaseous Ozone in a Meat Processing Plant,” found that after the treatment gaseous ozone, it did not show any inhibitory activity against mold strains, as optimum growth during all the trials was observed.” (1)
In another study of using an ozone generator to remove mold, the researchers discovered that “over a six-hour period in an average size room the device did not generate sufficient ozone to suppress bacterial and fungal growth.” (2)
Potential Safety Issues and Health Warnings
It can be so harmful that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has listed ozone as one of six of the most dangerous air pollutants under the Clean Air Act which sets the standards for outdoor air quality to protect public health.
The Mississippi State Department of Health has issued warnings to its citizens that ozone is not effective in controlling molds and fungi, even at high concentrations far above safe health levels.
Also, ozone may damage materials in the home. For these reasons, the Mississippi State Department of Health strongly recommends that you do not use an ozone air cleaner in any occupied residential space. (3)
There are no federal agencies that have approved the use of ozone generators in buildings for human use, and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has very stringent regulations for air filters sold in the state to ensure that they do not produce harmful levels of ozone.
According to the California Air Resources Board, “not only are ozone generators ineffective at cleaning indoor air, but inhaling ozone poses serious health risks for humans and animals. This fact sheet discusses these health risks and provides effective, alternative solutions to address indoor air quality problems.”
“Manufacturers sometimes inappropriately refer to ozone as “activated oxygen,” “super oxygenated” or “energized oxygen,” which implies that ozone is a healthy kind of oxygen. Because ozone reacts with some other molecules, manufacturers claim that the ozone produced by these devices can purify the air and remove airborne particles, chemicals, mold, viruses, bacteria, and odors. However, ozone is only partially effective at cleaning the air when it is used at extremely high, unsafe levels that pose a serious health risk. (4)
According to the American Lung Association which has stated that “Ozone (also called smog) is one of the most dangerous and widespread pollutants in the U.S. It is currently one of the least well-controlled pollutants and it is also one of the most dangerous.”
“Scientists have studied the effects of ozone on health for decades. Hundreds of studies have confirmed that ozone harms people at levels currently found in the United States. In the last decade, we have learned that it can also be deadly, said the American Lung Association. (5)
Ozone gas is primarily effective in the air and may not effectively remove mold contamination on surfaces or in hidden areas. Mold growth is primarily caused by moisture and organic materials, and simply killing mold spores in the air may not address the underlying cause of the mold problem.
Limitations of Ozone Generators for Mold Remediation
While ozone generators may have some effectiveness in reducing mold spores in the air, there are several limitations and potential risks associated with their use:
Ineffectiveness on Surfaces: Ozone gas may not effectively remove mold contamination on surfaces such as walls, floors, or furniture. Mold can penetrate porous materials and form colonies that are difficult to eliminate without proper remediation techniques.
Health Risks: Ozone is a respiratory irritant and can be harmful to human health, especially at high concentrations. Inhaling ozone can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation. People with respiratory conditions such as asthma may be particularly sensitive to ozone exposure.
Damage to Materials: Ozone can react with certain materials, such as rubber, plastics, and fabrics, causing them to deteriorate and potentially leading to leaks or other damage. This can result in additional problems and expenses for property owners.
Limited Coverage: Ozone generators may have limited coverage and may not effectively treat large areas or spaces with multiple rooms. Achieving adequate ozone concentrations throughout the entire space can be challenging, especially in areas that are difficult to reach or have poor ventilation.
Lack of Regulation: Ozone generators are not regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for mold remediation purposes. The EPA has stated that ozone generators sold as air cleaners intentionally produce ozone and that ozone can be harmful to health. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering the use of ozone generators for mold remediation.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says, “When inhaled, ozone can damage the lungs. Relatively low amounts can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath and throat irritation. Ozone may also worsen chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and compromise the ability of the body to fight respiratory infections.” (6)
The finding from the EPA has concluded that Ozone Pollution is a serious pollution and health threat that can lead to an early death. The EPA stated;
* Causes respiratory harm (e.g., worsened asthma, worsened COPD, inflammation)
* Likely to cause early death (both short-term and long-term exposure)
* Likely to cause cardiovascular harm (e.g., heart attacks, strokes, heart disease, congestive heart failure)
* May cause harm to the central nervous system
* May cause reproductive and developmental harm (7)
Alternatives to Ozone Generators for Mold Remediation
While ozone generators may have some limited effectiveness in reducing mold spores in the air, there are alternative methods that are generally considered more reliable and safer for mold remediation:
Source Control: The most effective approach to mold remediation is to address the underlying cause of mold growth, which is usually moisture. Identifying and fixing the source of moisture, such as leaks or high humidity, is crucial to preventing mold growth.
Physical Removal: Physical removal of mold-contaminated materials is often necessary to eliminate mold colonies. This may involve removing affected drywall, carpeting, or other materials that cannot be effectively cleaned.
HEPA Filtration: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration can help remove mold spores and other airborne particles from the indoor environment. HEPA filters are designed to capture particles as small as 0.3 microns, including mold spores.
Professional Mold Remediation: In cases of extensive mold contamination or when dealing with sensitive individuals, it is recommended to seek the services of a professional mold remediation company. These professionals have the expertise and equipment to safely and effectively remove mold and restore the indoor environment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, ozone gas is not the safest option to effectively remove mold contamination on surfaces or address the underlying cause of mold growth. Additionally, ozone can be harmful to human health and may cause damage to materials.
When searching for solutions to your mold problems, it is always best to use safer methods that have been proven to be effective at mold and or odor removal. It is important to consider alternative methods, such as source control, physical removal, HEPA filtration, and professional mold remediation, for effective and safe mold remediation.
In addition, it is always recommended to consult with professionals in the field of mold remediation to assess the extent of the mold problem and determine the most appropriate and effective course of action.
Note: The information provided in this article is based on the sources mentioned and should not be considered professional advice. It is always advisable to consult with experts in mold remediation for specific situations.
SOURCES:
1. Evaluation of Antifungal Effect of Gaseous Ozone in a Meat Processing Plant – National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2. Ozone killing action against bacterial and fungal species; microbiological testing of a domestic ozone generator. – National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
3. Mississippi State Department of Health
4. California Air Resources Board
5. The American Lung Association
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Moe is the Founder and CEO of Mold Safe Solutions in Southern California. He is a certified mold inspector, mold remediator and author.